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G2228_ἤ
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Taal: Grieks

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Lexicon G. Abbott-Smith

Voor meer informatie: G. Abbott-Smith's A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (New York: Scribner's, 1922)

ἤ, disjunctive and comparative particle (Bl., §36, 12; 77, 11); 1. disjunctive, or (a) between single words: Mt 5:17, Mk 6:56, Lk 2:24, Jo 6:19, Ro 1:21, al.; (b) before a sentence expressing a variation, denial or refutation of a previous statement, freq. in interrog. form: Mt 7:4, 9, Mk 12:14, Lk 13:4, Ro 3:29 6:3 9:21, I Co 6:9, 16 9:6, II Co 11:7; ἢ . . . ἤ, either . . . or, Mt 6:24, Lk 16:13, I Co 14:6; (c) in a disjunctive question (as Lat. an after utrum): Mt 9:5, Mk 2:9, Lk 7:19, al.; after πότερον, Jo 7:17; μή, I Co 9:8; μήτι, II Co 1:17; ἢ . . . ἢ . . . ἤ, Mk 13:35. 2. Comparative, than: after comparatives, Mt 10:15, Lk 9:13, Jo 3:19, Ro 13:11, al.; after ἕτερον, Ac 17:21; θέλω (Khüner3, ɪᴠ, 303), I Co 14:19; πρὶν ἤ, before, seq. acc. et inf., Mt 1:18, Mk 14:30; after a positive adj. (Ge 49:12; cf. Robertson, Gr., 661), Mt 18:8, 9, Mk 9:43, 45, 47. 3. With other particles: ἀλλ’ ἤ, v.s. ἀλλά; ἢ γάρ, v.s. γάρ; ἢ καί, or even, or also, Mt 7:10, Lk 11:11, 12, Ro 2:15 4:9, al.; ἤτοι . . . ἤ, Ro 6:16 (cf. Wi 11:19).

Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon

Voor meer informatie: Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon (1940)

ἤ,
  Epic dialect also ἠέ (in signification Aeschylus Tragicus 11 ἤ (or ἠέ) followed by ἦ (or ἦε), see below) , conjunction with two chief senses, Disj. (or) and comparative (than).
__A DISJUNCTIVE, or, ἐγὼ.. ἢ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.231, compare 397, 800, 4.142, 7.236, al. ; θεόσυτος ἢ βρότειος ἢ κεκραμένη Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 116.
__A.2 ἢ.. ἤ either.. or, ἢ νῦν δηθύνοντ᾽ ἢ ὕστερον αὖτις ἰόντα Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.27, compare 151, 5.484 , etc.; so ἢ.. ἤτοι.. Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 6.4, “fragment” 138; ἤτοι.. ἤ.. Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 662, Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1182, Thucydides Historicus 2.40, etc. (in Classical Gr. the alternative introduced by ἤτοι is emphasized, later no distinction is implied, NT.Rom.6.16; ἤτοι.. ἢ.. ἤ.. “PTeb.” 5.59 (2nd c.BC)); ἤ repeated any number of times, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι ἢ τεὸν ἢ Αἴαντος ἰὼν γέρας ἢ Ὀδυσῆος Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.138, compare Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.84, Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 707 ; ἤ is probably wrongly accented in codices of Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.289, Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.348, 19.109, see.{ἦ} adverb 1.3: ἢ πόλις βροτός θ᾽ ὁμοίως Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 524 (Lyric poetry) is exceptional.
__A.3 or else, otherwise, εἰδέναι δεῖ περὶ οὗ ἂν ᾖ ἡ βουλή, ἢ παντὸς ἁμαρτάνειν ἀνάγκη Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 237c; μή με λυπεῖτε, ἢ φεύξομ᾽ ἐκ τῆς οἰκίης Herodas Mimographus 5.74 ; ζῶντα κακῶς λέγειν ἐκώλυσε.., ἢ τρεῖς δραχμὰς ἀποτίνειν ἔταξε Legal Solon Lyricus cited in Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Solon” 21, compare 24, “IG” 12.94.10, Themistius Sophista “Orationes” 21.260a.
__A.II in Questions or Deliberations in Disj. form(the accentuation is ἢ (ἠέ) followed by ἦ (ἦε), Herodianus Grammaticus Gr. 2.24, al., Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Conjunctionibus;” 224.28):
__A.II.1 Direct questions,
__A.II.1.a introduced by ἢ (ἠέ), ἢ δολιχὴ νοῦσος ἦ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα.. κατέπεφνε; Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.172; ἤ τι κατὰ πρῆξιν ἦ μαψιδίως ἀλάλησθε..; 3.72, compare 1.408, 16.462, Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.378, 15.735, 16.12, etc.
__A.II.1.b without an introductory Particle, θεός νύ τις ἦ βροτός ἐσσ; art thou a goddess or a mortal? Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.149, compare 1.226, 4.314, 372, 643, 20.130, 21.194, Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.63, 425, 534, 15.203: accented ἦ, Hdn.Gr. 2.145, al., but ἤ frequently in codices of Homerus Epicus and always in codices of later writers: ἤκουσας ἢ οὐκ ἤκουσας ἢ κωφῇ λέγ; Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 202 ; ἄρτι δὲ ἥκεις ἢ πάλα; Plato Philosophus “Crito” 43a; κακουργεῖν δεῖ ἢ ο; prev. work 49c ; preceded by πότερον, πότερον δοκεῖ σοι κάκιον εἶναι, τὸ ἀδικεῖν ἢ τὸ ἀδικεῖσθα; prev. author “Grg.” 474c, etc.
__A.II.2 Indirect questions, frequently epexegetic of a preceding question and identical in form with direct questions.
__A.II.2.a εἴπ᾽ ἄγε,.. ἤ ῥ᾽ ἐθέλει.., ἦ ἀπέειπε.. Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.674; ὄφρα δαῶμεν ἢ ἐτεὸν Κάλχας μαντεύεται ἦε καὶ οὐκί 2.300; διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν ἢ ὅ γε.. ἐναρίζοι ἦε χόλον παύσειεν 1.190; later with εἰ.. ἤ Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 890, “Ag.” 478, Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 80, etc. ; πότερον or πότερα.. ἤ.. prev. author “Pers.” 148, 352, “Ag.” 630, etc.; sometimes εἴτε.. ἤ Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 897; ἢ.. εἴτε Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 177.
__A.II.2.b without introductory Particle, οὐδέ τι οἶδα ζώει ὅ γ᾽ ἦ τέθνηκε Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.464, compare Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.546, Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.238.
__B COMPARATIVE, than, as, after a comparative, Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.162, etc.: after positive _adjectives_ which imply comparison, ἄλλος, ἕτερος ἤ.., Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 595, “Tr.” 835 (Lyric poetry); ἐναντίος ἤ Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 481c; ἴδιόν τι πάσχειν πάθος ἢ οἱ ἄλλοι prev. passage: after Advbs. or adverbial phrases, πλήν, πρίν, πρόσθεν, χωρίς (which see), ἀλλά (see. ἀλλ᾽ ἤ); τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ ἤ.. prev. author “Cri.” 44a (f.l. in “Smp.” 173a); ἐν τῷ πέμπτῳ καὶ δεκάτῳ ϝέτει ἀπὸ τῶ ποτεχεῖ ϝέτεος ἢ Ἀριστίων ἐφορεύει “Tab.Heracl.” 1.121; παρὰ δόξαν ἢ ὡς αὐτὸς κατεδόκεε Herodotus Historicus 1.79, compare 8.4; διαφερόντως ἤ.. Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 85b ; οὐδ᾽ ὅσον ἤ.. not so much as.. , not more than.. , Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 9.21: after Verbs implying comparison, βούλεσθαι ἤ.. to wish rather than.. , see at {βούλομαι} IV, αἱρέω Bacchylides Lyricus 11.1b ; so φθάνειν ἤ.. to come sooner than.. , Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.445, Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.58; ἐπιθυμεῖν ἤ.. Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.3; δέχεσθαι ἤ.. Lysias Orator 10.21: less frequently after a word not implying comparison, δίκαιον ἡμέας ἔχειν.. (i.e. μᾶλλον) ἤ περ Ἀθηναίους Herodotus Historicus 9.26; ἐμοὶ πικρὸς.. ἢ κείνοις γλυκύς Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 966 (assuming variant); δεδικαιωμένος ἢ ἐκεῖνος NT.Luke.18.14.
__B.2 joining two Comparatives which refer to the same subject, πάντες κ᾽ ἀρησαίατ᾽ ἐλαφρότεροι πόδας εἶναι ἢ ἀφνειότεροι Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.165; ταχύτερα ἢ σοφώτερα Herodotus Historicus 3.65; μανικώτεροι ἢ ἀνδρειότεροι Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 144b, compare Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 1078.
__B.3 rarely after a superlative, πλεῖστα θωμάσια ἔχει Αἴγυπτος ἢ ἄλλη πᾶσα χώρη Herodotus Historicus 2.35 (assuming variant); πίθοιτό κεν ὔμμι μάλιστα ἢ ἐμοί Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 3.91.
__B.4 ἢ οὐ is used when a negative precedes, οὐδέν τι μᾶλλον ἐπ᾽ ἡμέας ἢ οὐ καὶ ἐπ᾽ ὑμέας Herodotus Historicus 4.118, compare 5.94, Thucydides Historicus 2.62, etc. : after an implied negative, ὠμὸν.. πόλιν ὅλην διαφθεῖραι μᾶλλον ἢ οὐ τοὺς αἰτίους prev. author 3.36.
__B.5 frequently omitted with numerals after πλείων, ἐλάττων, μείων, ἔτη.. πλείω ἑβδομήκοντα variant in Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 17d; οὐ μεῖον πεντακοσίους Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 6.4.24 : sometimes with an infinitive or conditional clause, τί γὰρ ἀνδρὶ κακὸν μεῖζον ἁμαρτεῖν Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 879 ; τίς εὐπραξία σπανιωτέρα.., εἰ δύναμις πάρεστιν (for ἢ δύναμιν παρεῖναι); Thucydides Historicus 1.33.
__B.6 pleonastic with a genitive, τίς ἂν αἰσχίων εἴη ταύτης δόξα, ἢ δοκεῖν.. Plato Philosophus “Crito” 44c, compare Lysias Orator 10.28.
__B.7 the Disj. and comparative uses are found together in Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.511 βέλτερον, ἢ ἀπολέσθαι ἕνα χρόνον ἠὲ βιῶναι, ἢ δηθὰ στρεύγεσθαι ἐν αἰνῆ δηϊοτῆτι better, either to die once for all or win life, than long to toil in battle. ἢ οὐ, ἢ οὐκ combine by Synizesis into one syllable in Trag. and Comedy texts, Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 330, Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 334, Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 128 ; so usually in Epic dialect, Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.298, al.; ἢ αὐτός Hesiodus Epicus “Fragmenta” 194; ἢ εἰ Alexander Rhetor 201.

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